A. Verb Phrases
Essentially, verb phrase is a non-self-contained verb (consisting
of more than one word) but still meaningful / functioning as a verb. Verb
Phrase is a combination of words (a verb + a preposition or verb + adverb)
which when used simultaneously has a different meaning to the original verb.
Formula
: Auxiliary verb + main verb = Verb Phrase
Verb Phrase Form
The verb phrase in English has the following form:
1. a main verb
This form explains that verbs can only be used in Present form
(eg, are, like, play), or Past form (ie, were, liked, played).
Example
of sentences:
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
Complement
|
|
We
|
Played
|
Football
|
|
She
|
Comes
|
To
my house
|
2. an auxiliary verb (be) and a main verb in –ing form
This form describes the verbs used in the ongoing time
(continuous).
Example of sentences:
|
Subject
|
Auxiliary
Verb
|
Verb-ing
|
|
I
|
Am
|
Studying
|
|
The
students
|
Were
|
Watching
|
3. an auxiliary verb (have) and a main verb with past participle (V3)
This form describes the verb used in the aspect that has occurred
(perfect). A verb with have / has shown Present Perfect, while a verb with had
Past Perfect shows.
Example
of sentences:
|
Subject
|
Auxiliary
Verb (have / has / had)
|
Verb
3 (Participle)
|
Complement
|
|
The
boy
|
has
|
played
|
football
|
|
He
|
had
|
finished
|
doing
homework
|
4. an auxiliary verb (have + been) and
a main verb in the –ing form
This form describes a verb that describes activities that have
occurred and are in progress at a certain time (perfect continous).
Example
of sentences:
|
Subject
|
Auxiliary
Verb (have/has/had + been)
|
Verb
-ing
|
Complement
|
|
Sharah
|
had
been
|
singing
|
a
song
|
|
The
men
|
have
been
|
fishing
|
in
a lake
|
5. a modal verb (may, might, can, could, must,
shall, should, will would) and a main verb
This form describes a verb by using a modal form.
Example
of sentences:
|
Subject
|
Auxiliary
Verb (have/has/had)
|
Verb
3 (Participle)
|
Complement
|
|
I
|
will
|
Come
|
to
your house
|
|
The
football players
|
must
|
Practice
|
Everyday
|
6. modal verbs dan auxiliary verb (be) , ‘have’, or ‘have been’
Example
of sentences:
|
Subject
|
Modal
Verb
|
Auxiliary
Verb
(be/ have /have been)
|
Verb
|
|
They
|
can
|
be
|
laughing
|
|
She
|
might
|
have
been
|
Sleeping
|
|
He
|
must
|
have
|
left
|
B. Tenses
1. Simple Present Tense
Simple present tense is a verb form to express facts, habits, or
events that occur at this time.
Example
of sentences:
|
Sentence
|
Formula
|
Example
|
|
Positive
(+)
|
S
(I/you/we/they) + Verb 1
|
I
write a letter everyday.
|
|
S
(He/ she/it) + Verb 1 + s/es
|
She
reads a magazine every morning.
|
|
Negative
(-)
|
S
(I/you/we/they) + do + not + Verb 1
|
I
do not write a letter everyday.
|
|
S
(He/ she/it) + does +not + Verb 1
|
She
does not read a magazine every morning.
|
|
Interrogative
(?)
|
Do
+ S (I/you/we/they) + Verb 1 ?
|
Do
I write a letter everyday?
|
|
Does
+ S (He/ she/it) + Verb 1 ?
|
Does
She read a magazine every morning?
|
2. Present
Continuous Tense
The present continuous
tense is often called the present progressive tense is the tense that describes
the work that is happening today. Is said to be present because of current and
said continuous because the work being done (in progress or in progress).
|
Description of time stating now / right now:
|
Adverb of time in the Present Continuous Tense:
|
|
Now
Right now
At present
At this moment
Today
|
This morning
This afternoon
This evening
Tonight
Tomorrow
Next week
Next month
|
Next year
This holiday
This weekend
In a few days; weeks; moths; years
|
Example
of sentences:
|
Sentence
|
Formula
|
Example
|
|
Positive
(+)
|
Subject
+ to be(am,is,are) + (V1+ing)
|
He
is reading a story book now.
|
|
Negative
(-)
|
Subject
+ to be(am,is,are) + not + (V1+ing)
|
He
is not reading a story book now.
|
|
Interrogative
(?)
|
To
be(am, is, are) + Subject + (V1+ing) ?
|
Is
he reading a story book now?
|
3. Present
Perfect Tense
Preasent perfect tense is used to express an activity or situation
that has been started in the past and has been completed at a certain point in
time in the past or still continues until now.
|
Description of time used is:
|
|
since
since yesterday
since two days ago
since last week
for
for three days
for two years
|
There is also some form of description of the time lying before
Past Participle (third verb form / V3) except for the word yet located after
V3. T
Example
of sentences:
|
Sentence
|
Formula
|
Example
|
|
Positive
(+)
|
S
(I/you/we/they) + have +Verb 3
|
We
have written a letter to you.
|
|
S
(He/she/it) + has + Verb 3
|
He
has taught this class for ten years.
|
|
Negative
(-)
|
S
(I/you/we/they) + have + not + Verb 3
|
We
haven't written a letter to you.
|
|
S
(He/she/it) + has +not + Verb 3
|
He
hasn’t taught this class for ten years.
|
|
Interrogative
(?)
|
Have
+ S (I/you/we/they) + Verb 3 ?
|
Have
we written a letter to you?
|
|
Has
+ S (He/she/it) + Verb 3 ?
|
Has
he taught this class for ten years?
|
4. Present Perfect Continuous
The present perfect continuous talks about an action that started
in the past and continues in the present.
Adverb of time : “since” and “for” (since, since July 2013, recently,
the whole days, still anymore, long, for ten years)
Example of sentences:
|
Sentence
|
Formula
|
Example
|
|
Positive
(+)
|
S
(I/you/we/they) + have + been +V1 + ing
|
We have been living here since
2003.
|
|
S
(He/she/it) + has + been + V1 + ing
|
She has been working at that
company for three years.
|
|
Negative
(-)
|
S
(I/you/we/they) + have + not + been + V1 + ing
|
We have not been living here since
2003.
|
|
S
(He/she/it) + has +not + been + V1 + ing
|
She has not been working at that
company for three years.
|
|
Interrogative
(?)
|
Have
+ S (I/you/we/they) + been + V1 + ing ?
|
Have we been living here since
2003?
|
|
Has
+ S (He/she/it) + been + V1 + ing ?
|
Has she been working at that
company for three years ?
|
5. Simple
Past Tense
We use
the Simple past to talk about actions that
happened at a specific time in the past.
Adverb of
time : yesterday,
the day before yesterday, this morning, this noon, just now, last night, last
month, a moment ago, an hour ago, a few days ago, a few minutes ago.
Example
of sentences:
|
Sentence
|
Formula
|
Example
|
|
Positive
(+)
|
Subject
+ Verb 2
|
We
went to Bangkok last year.
|
|
Negative
(-)
|
Subject
+ did + not + Verb 1
|
We
went to Bangkok last year.
|
|
Interrogative
(?)
|
Did
+ Subject + Verb 1 ?
|
Did
we go to Bangkok last year?
|
6. Past
Continuous Tense
Continuous
tense talks about an action taking place at a certain time in the past.
Adverb of
time : yesterday,
last morning, all day yesterday, at that time, at seven o'clock last night
Example
of sentences:
|
Sentence
|
Formula
|
Example
|
|
Positive
(+)
|
S
(you/we/they) + were +V1 + ing
|
They
were washing when I visited them yesterday.
|
|
S
(I/He/she/it) + was + ing
|
I
was sleeping when the car crashed my home last night.
|
|
Negative
(-)
|
S
(you/we/they) + were+ not + V1 + ing
|
They
were not washing when I visited them yesterday.
|
|
S
(I/He/she/it) + was +not + V1 + ing
|
I
was not sleep when the car crashed my home last night.
|
|
Interrogative
(?)
|
Were
+ S (you/we/they) + V1 + ing ?
|
Were
they washing when I visited them yesterday?
|
|
Was
+ S (I/He/she/it) + V1 + ing ?
|
Was
I sleep when the car crashed my home last night ?
|
7. Past
Perfect Tense
The past perfect
tense speaks of something that states that an action has been completed at a
point in the past before another action takes place.
The time description used in the form of Past Perfect Tense is
: ...after,
when... , before... , ...until
Example
of sentences:
|
Sentence
|
Formula
|
Example
|
|
Positive
(+)
|
Subject
+ had + Verb 3
|
She
had slept when I came last night.
|
|
Negative
(-)
|
Subject
+ had + not + Verb 3
|
She
had not slept when I came last night.
|
|
Interrogative
(?)
|
Had
+ Subject + Verb 3 ?
|
Had
she slept when I came last night?
|
8. Past
Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Continous tense is used to show
that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the
past.
Example
of sentences:
|
Sentence
|
Formula
|
Example
|
|
Positive
(+)
|
Subject
+ had + been + Verb 3
|
They
had been living here for three years when I came.
|
|
Negative
(-)
|
Subject
+ had + not + been + Verb 3
|
They
had not been living here for three years when I came.
|
|
Interrogative
(?)
|
Had
+ Subject + been + Verb 3 ?
|
Had
they been living here for three years when I came?
|
